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Wilhelm May. Foto.

Wilhelm May

Forskare

Wilhelm May. Foto.

The ExtremeX global climate model experiment : investigating thermodynamic and dynamic processes contributing to weather and climate extremes

Författare

  • Kathrin Wehrli
  • Fei Luo
  • Mathias Hauser
  • Hideo Shiogama
  • Daisuke Tokuda
  • Hyungjun Kim
  • Dim Coumou
  • Wilhelm May
  • Philippe Le Sager
  • Frank Selten
  • Olivia Martius
  • Robert Vautard
  • Sonia I. Seneviratne
Visa allt

Summary, in English

The mechanisms leading to the occurrence of extreme weather and climate events are varied and complex. They generally encompass a combination of dynamic and thermodynamic processes, as well as drivers external to the climate system, such as anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and land use change. Here we present the ExtremeX multi-model intercomparison experiment, which was designed to investigate the contribution of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to recent weather and climate extremes. The numerical experiments are performed with three Earth system models: CESM, MIROC, and EC-Earth. They include control experiments with interactive atmosphere and land surface conditions, as well as experiments wherein the atmospheric circulation, soil moisture, or both are constrained using observation-based data. The temporal evolution and magnitude of temperature anomalies during heatwaves are well represented in the experiments with a constrained atmosphere. However, the magnitude of mean climatological biases in temperature and precipitation are not greatly reduced in any of the constrained experiments due to persistent or newly introduced biases. This highlights the importance of error compensations and tuning in the standard model versions. To show one possible application, ExtremeX is used to identify the main drivers of heatwaves and warm spells. The results reveal that both atmospheric circulation patterns and soil moisture conditions substantially contribute to the occurrence of these events. Soil moisture effects are particularly important in the tropics, the monsoon areas, and the Great Plains of the United States, whereas atmospheric circulation effects are major drivers in other midlatitude and high-latitude regions.

Avdelning/ar

  • Centrum för miljö- och klimatvetenskap (CEC)
  • MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system
  • BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate

Publiceringsår

2022-08-25

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

1167-1196

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Earth System Dynamics

Volym

13

Issue

3

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Copernicus GmbH

Ämne

  • Climate Research

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 2190-4979